INTRODUCTION:

The domain of environmental pollution control, water and wastewater treatment are today in the process of newer rejuvenation. Today success of human civilization depends on proper implementation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In developing and underprivileged nations around the world, drinking water scarcity and proper sanitation are ravaging the vast scientific landscape. The ultimate needs of the hour are a concerted effort in the proper application of sustainability in every sphere of human life and human scientific progress. Artificial intelligence, diverse areas of computer science and nanotechnology are today applied in the similar vision to engineering sciences, natural sciences and applied sciences. Drinking water treatment and industrial wastewater treatment are today in a state of immense scientific disaster and a newer and positive introspection are the immediate needs of the hour. The author deeply pronounces the needs of scientific innovation and vast scientific ingenuity in the applications of nanomaterials in areas of environmental remediation and drinking water treatment. A remarkable newer era in the field of engineering sciences will surely emerge if a positive and ever- concerning direction in the field of environmental and water integrity are truly emancipated. Civilization’s scientific provenance and engineering divination will surely be realized if United Nations Sustainable Development Goals are deeply implemented with immense vision, grit and scientific determination. Provision of clean drinking water and proper sanitation are part and parcel of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and needs to be revamped and re-envisioned with the futuristic progress of global scientific and technological initiatives. Today another area of the visionary avenue in environmental protection and conservation is the field of disaster management. A comprehensive treatise and a deep scientific introspection in the field of disaster management and water integrity is the utmost need of the hour. Eventually a newer dawn in the human civilization will surely evolve if academicians, researchers, students and the civil society takes positive and effective steps in the true scientific and engineering emancipation of disaster management and water remediation. Climate change, climate resilience and economic resilience needs to be revamped and re-envisioned as history of human civilization moves forward. This treatise is a veritable window of innovation in disaster management. In present day human civilization disaster management is invariably linked with integrated water resource management and sustainable waste management. The dawn of a true human civilization is ushering in as academicians and policy makers across the world takes decisive action in mitigating water issues, climate change issues and public health engineering issues. Civil engineering, and environmental engineering are today in the similar vein aligned with public health engineering and sustainable engineering. This article opens up newer futuristic thoughts and futuristic vision in disaster management, disaster science and engineering and nanotechnology in years to come.

THE AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY:

A major scientific and engineering challenge is destroying the human planet today. This is environmental degradation and the question of water integrity and sustainability. Water security and climate resilience are two major issues troubling the present scientific and engineering vision today. The major aim and objective of this study is to unravel the vast scientific imagination, the scientific reinvention and the scientific fortitude in the advances in water and wastewater treatment. The author profoundly describes the recent scientific and engineering forays in the field of water sustainability, green sustainability, computer science, artificial intelligence and the broad domain of nanotechnology. Application of advanced oxidation processes and novel separation processes such as membrane will be the true eye-openers towards the vast unknown world of drinking water treatment. Human habitat is today in a state of immense engineering catastrophe as human poverty and human sufferings are the primordial issues ravaging mankind and the human scientific progress today. The author pinpoints the success of conventional and non-conventional environmental engineering tools as well as membrane science and desalination techniques. Today is the world of Fourth Industrial Revolution. Internet revolution is surpassing one visionary frontier over another. Thus, the need of nanotechnology, computer science and communication technology in the furtherance of the science of environmental protection and water remediation. The author deeply elucidates the application areas of engineering and computer science in the march of human civilization and human scientific progress. Disaster management is a visionary area of scientific endeavour today. Drinking water treatment, industrial wastewater treatment and the visionary road ahead will be the true groundbreaking efforts in the future of man and mankind. The other aims and objectives of this study are the areas of climate resilience and disaster management. Global warming and depletion of fossil fuel resources are the scientific intrigues and as well as scientific vision of tomorrow. A newer dawn in human progress will veritably evolve if planetary reliance, climate resilience, economic biodiversity and intellectual biodiversity are pursued with vigorous effort in the near future. Integrated water resource management, water resource engineering and wastewater management are the pinnacles of scientific glory today. The vision of this engineering introspection is clear and replete with vision, scientific forbearance and scientific validation. The authors deeply pronounce the veritable needs and necessities of disaster management, water and wastewater treatment in the futuristic vision of environmental engineering science and chemical process engineering. The authors also discuss the application of nanomaterials such as MXenes in the vast and varied domains of environmental pollution control.

Disaster science and engineering is a evergrowing area of science and technology. In the similar pathway, the vision of disaster management has few answers today as world of science and technology unveils the ardour and challenges of industrial pollution control. Technology and engineering should unravel the scientific truth, scientific inquiry and scientific triumph in disaster management. Thus, the world will slowly move towards holistic sustainable development. The deep scientific inquiry, the scientific triumph and the visionary road ahead in the field of disaster management and chemical process safety will widen the vision, verve and validation in the field of global natural sciences and engineering sciences.

Environmental Sustainability, The Vast Vision for The Future and The Road Ahead:

Today, the human planet is in a state of immense environmental and social calamities. Sustainable and equitable growth are the cardinal principles of human progress and scientific ardour today. Environmental, energy and socio-economic sustainability are the immense requirements of human scientific progress and academic rigor. The scientific and academic rigor in the field of environmental sustainability needs to be strongly addressed with the march of science and civilization. Today circular economy is aligned with diverse areas of global science and engineering. Millions of people around the world are today without clean drinking water, clean energy and proper sanitation. Here comes the need of scientific innovations and the deep engineering vision and aura in nanotechnology and nano-engineering. The vast and varied vision for the future in environmental and water remediation needs to be revamped and re-streamlined with the progress of history of humankind. Environmental and energy sustainability are the citadels and huge colossus of human civilization’s progress and academic rigor today. Provision of clean drinking water and clean water-energy nexus stands as major pillars of sustainable development today. Surely a new dawn in civilization and engineering science will evolve if academicians and policy makers around the work takes positive and concerted efforts. Today sustainability, disaster management and industrial pollution control are aligned with each other. The futuristic vision and the visionary road ahead will ultimately unravel and uncover the needs and necessities of disaster management and water sustainability. Water and environmental sustainability are the primary needs of humanity today. The road ahead in the field of climate resilience, economical resilience and scientific advocacy are ground breaking and visionary. A new generation of sustainability experts will surely usher in if environmental engineering and chemical engineering moves in the right direction. Disaster management today has lots of linkages with environmental pollution control and water resource management. Without scientific prudence and scientific discernment, the world of challenges in disaster and risk management cannot be obliterated. The author with immense alacrity envisions the application of the newer scientific knowhow of nanotechnology. Soon, one day, the world of science and engineering will surely witness the success of the science of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology and nano-engineering are today in the wide path of vision, scientific fortitude and scientific benediction. This article targets the needs of nanotechnology in the upliftment and vision of disaster management and disaster risk reduction.

Upliftment of poor and underprivileged across the world are part and parcel of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Human sufferings, human travails, trials and tribulations will only be mitigated if a holistic target and definition of disaster management is truthfully achieved. Thus, environmental sustainability or green sustainability are the needs of human civilization today. Global environmental decentralisation and participatory democracy are the utmost vision of tomorrow. Thus, the authors deeply target the humane needs of global science and engineering. A remarkable beginning in the field of sustainable development whether it is energy, environmental of socio-economic will gear human civilization forward towards vast scientific landscape and scientific frontiers in days to come.

The Scientific Doctrine of Disaster Management:

The domain of environmental and water remediation are today in the path of newer scientific glory. In the similar vision, the scientific doctrine of disaster management are crossing vast and varied scientific and engineering frontiers. Watershed management and integrated water resource management will widen human thoughts, perception, intellect and human reinvention in decades to come. Disaster management involves water resource management, water process engineering, environmental process engineering and urban waste management. Integrated water shed management is also in the path of newer rejuvenation. One decade after, the success of watershed management, water resource management and disaster management will be surely felt if disaster management, socio-economic stability and sustainability are merged with each other. Disaster management in the similar vein is linked with progress in environmental engineering, chemical engineering and nanotechnology. The dawn of human civilization is witnessing rapid industrial and manufacturing changes. Brisk population growth is inherently linked with environmental disasters and industrial pollution control. The scientific doctrine of disaster management is in the path of newer regeneration as chemical engineering science and environmental engineering science crosses one frontier over another. Disaster management and disaster-risk reduction can only be realized when a proactive effort is taken by the academicians and civil society across the globe. Man’s ultimate vision, mankind’s scientific and engineering forbearance will surely lead a long and visionary way in the true emancipation of environmental pollution control and sustainable development. Success of civilization, science and technology today depends governmental policies and scientific advocacy. This article deeply targets the needs and necessities of disaster management, disaster risk- reduction and chemical process safety in better scientific understanding and better scientific adjudication. Human sufferings, human travails, human trials and tribulations will be eventually mitigated if man and mankind takes positive steps towards disaster management, project management and process safety. Global human scientific endeavour will witness a newer scientific upbringing and engineering vision if natural sciences, applied sciences and engineering sciences moves towards right and positive direction.

The role of bioremediation and nano-bioremediation in disaster management and disaster risk-reduction are the marvels and scientific finesse of human civilization and scientific determination today. The scientific doctrine of disaster management will today open newer visionary avenues in global research and development initiatives in environmental and water remediation in the newer distant future.Mxenes and other nanomaterials will be the true forerunners towards a newer epoch in the field of water and environmental conservation. Today soil regeneration, agronomy and advanced agricultural sciences will usher in a newer age in global research and development initiatives in nanotechnology and nano-engineering. These are the areas of vast scientific contemplation in distant future.

Role of Nanotechnology in Environmental Remediation:

Nanotechnology, nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials are the marvels and citadels of human civilization today. The adjudication and redemption of technology and engineering science of water remediation and nanotechnology are the pallbearers towards a newer era in the field of global research and development initiatives. The application of carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and graphenes in water and wastewater treatment will open up newer avenues of scientific innovation, scientific instinct and scientific provenance in decades to come. Scientific intellect, scientific splendour and affirmation and acuity of engineering science are the pillars of Fourth Industrial Revolution. A newer dawn in the philosophy and science of environmental engineering science and nanotechnology will be an eye-opener towards a newer path and a newer aisle in global scientific and engineering research and development initiatives. Man’s immense knowledge and engineering prowess, intellect, perception and teaching and learning pedagogy are the futuristic vision of environmental pollution control and water integrity today. The necessities of nanotechnology and nano-engineering are:

· A greater scientific emancipation in environmental engineering science, chemical process engineering and nano-engineering and nanotechnology.

· A broader perspective of application of nanofiltration and ultrafiltration in industrial water treatment and drinking water treatment.

· Global research and development initiatives should be targeted towards application of carbon nanotubes in greening the environment.

· Climate change mitigation, its global adaptation and its impact on humankind will surely lead a long and visionary way in unveiling the scientific truth of pollution control, green sustainability and green nanotechnology.

· A deeper scientific attitude, mobility, ability and engineering affirmation will eventually open newer scientific and engineering directions.

· Scientific vision, deep scientific and engineering understanding and the vast and varied domains of desalination and water treatment will surely unfold the needs and necessities of human race.

Human kind and civilization today are in the path of a newer and vicious disaster. The vast scientific intellect, the scientific and engineering perceptions and the wide avenues of nanotechnology will go a long and visionary way in uncovering the truth and ingenuity of environmental protection, environmental preservation and water remediation. Water sustainability and green sustainability are today in the areas of newer scientific divination and scientific acuity. South Asian countries, developing countries and the underprivileged world are today in the midst of an unending disaster that is lack of pure drinking water. The global South is thus in the middle of an unexplainable disaster that is frequent environmental catastrophe. In the similar vision, Northern hemisphere is in the midst of a deep gorge of scientific comprehension and deep engineering introspection. Success of human progress and human endeavour today lies at the hands of academicians and researchers around the globe. Economic, socio-economic and environmental criteria today are leading a long, effective and visionary way in the unravelling of scientific truth of environmental integrity. Nanotechnology and nano-engineering are today in the path of a newer reawakening and a newer build-up. In the similar vision, water sustainability and water integrity will widen human hopes, human success and human choices as regards progress of human civilization. Invigorating states of human progress and the needs of humanity will be truly the eye-openers of a newer scientific regeneration in environmental pollution control and water or green sustainability. Water science and technology and innovations in conventional and non-conventional environmental engineering tools are the marvels and vignettes of global research and development initiatives today.

Nanotechnology and nano-engineering should be directly linked with chemical process integration and chemical process intensification. A newer wave and a newer beginning in the field of environmental engineering science and chemical process engineering will widen human hopes, choices and teaching and learning pedagogy. Graphenes, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are the major applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment. Human kind’s immense scientific stance and scientific beliefs are today in a state of disaster. The need of human race and the necessities of human progress will be surely the path-breakers towards futuristic frontiers in environmental integrity and green sustainability. The imminent need of human civilization, science and engineering are proactive stance in the fields of environmental pollution control, drinking water and industrial wastewater treatment.

Werkneh et al. (2019)¹ deeply discussed with insight and scientific provenance applications of nanotechnology and biotechnology for sustainable water and wastewater treatment. In recent times, water pollution and freshwater scarcity have become a serious problem across the world, causing concerns to both public health, flora and fauna and the environmental health. To reduce these scientific and engineering challenges, various treatment technologies have been proposed. The vision, the scientific hope and the ardour in science and engineering of water remediation needs to be re-envisioned and revamped with the treading of the road ahead in science and technology. Amongst the various technologies, nanotechnology and biotechnology-based techniques and scientific tools are usually applied separately for water (domestic purposes) and wastewater treatment. This article focuses on new and emerging nano-and biotechnologies for the sustainable removal of pollution causing contaminants during water and wastewater treatment.¹Human struggles, trials and tribulations and sufferings are today in the process of a newer beginning as nanotechnology and biotechnology science are merged together. This article also focuses on the toxicological and safety aspects of different nanotechnologies and the current and future patterns and perspectives are delineated in details. Environmental degradation along with global population growth are the veritable challenges of the twenty first century. The scientific innovations in environmental pollution control needs to be re-envisioned and reshaped with the progress of science and civilization. Clean energy and clean water are the pinnacles of scientific innovation and scientific regeneration today. Climate change resilience and water sustainability are two opposite sides of the visionary coin. The authors discussed in minute details sustainable water and wastewater treatment, nanotechnology perspective, nanomaterials for the detection of pathogenic microbes, photocatalytic application of nanomaterials, application of nanomaterials as adsorbent, and environmental biotechnology perspectives. Bioenergy and environmental biotechnology are the other hallmarks of this comprehensive treatise. Bioremediation and biotransforming tools also are of deep scientific introspection of this comprehensive treatise. The authors also deeply dealt with different case studies in water and wastewater treatment. Human mankind’s vast and varied knowledge and engineering prowess and scientific stance will surely be the veritable forerunners towards a newer epoch in the field of nanotechnology, nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials.¹

The Needs of the Science of Nanotechnology in Global Disaster Management and Application of World Sustainable Development Goals:

Global disaster management goals needs to be redrafted as regards provision of clean drinking water, public health engineering and proper sanitation. There is today an immense need of nanotechnology in the scientific and engineering field. In the similar vision and introspection, World Sustainable Development Goals needs to be implemented with vast scientific and technological provenance. The challenges of climate resilience and its scientific endeavour are immense as the path of human civilization becomes absolutely groundbreaking. Disaster Management is an interdisciplinary research pursuit in science and technology. Humanitarian side of science, technology and engineering science are today in a state of immense catastrophe with the evergrowing concerns of heavy metal groundwater contamination. In Bangladesh and India particularly, scientific vision and scientific divination has practically no answers with the growing environmental engineering concerns of groundwater arsenic poisoning.Thus there are immense needs of social awareness, socio-economic sustainability and water integrity. Nanotechnology is one of newer innovations and one of the answers of groundwater remediation. The challenges of science and engineering are vicious, burdensome and at the same time path-breaking. A newer beginning and a newer scientific upbraiding will surely change the scientific frontiers and the vast scientific landscape. The dangers and the needs of human race in water remediation are slowly evolving with the pursuits in water science and technology. The author deeply pronounces the needs of green or environmental sustainability in the research pursuits in nanotechnology, water conservation and scientific upbringing. Today, man and mankind are in search of answers to the needs of humanity, science and engineering. According to the author, a newer dawn in humankind will begin if forceful scientific and ecological answers are addressed. The world of challenges in environmental pollution control is slowly enhancing as civilization moves forward. The implementation of World Sustainable Development Goals will surely ensure the success of human scientific effort and the success of human progress.

Nanotechnology and nano-engineering are the vignettes and stalwarts of science and technology today. Disaster management is a crucial issue which needs to be addressed at the utmost. Application of nano-science and nanoengineering in water and environmental remediation, water integrity and mitigation of environmental disasters will widen human efforts and human scientific provenance in the coming years. Today nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials are in the evergrowing path of scientific upbraiding and deep engineering vision and upbringing. The present century of internet revolution and nanotechnology.

Recent Scientific Advancements in The Application of Nanotechnology, Nano-Engineering and Mxenes in Disaster Management:

Scientific advancements and engineering vision and understanding are today in the path of a newer dawn and an absolutely enlightening beginning. In the similar vein, nanotechnology and nano-engineering in disaster management are moving actively from one engineering frontier towards another. Mankind is today bedraggled and bewitched at the novelty of nanotechnology and nano-engineering. Application of nanotechnology in disaster management is a marvel and vignette of science and technology. In this section, the author deeply addresses the application of nanotechnology in disaster management and water and environmental remediation. Today civilization and science are in the midst of immense struggles in disaster remediation, water integrity and climatic resilience. The marvellous scientific beginning is not far away in the field of disaster risk reduction if academicians, researchers, policy makers and the civil society takes wondrous steps in disaster and environmental management. Slowly the author discusses the various scientific ingenuities and upheavals in nanotechnology applications. Nanotechnology will today unveil the needs of environmental engineering science and chemical engineering science today. Eventually a new dawn in human mankind will usher in if global citizens takes advanced steps in the field of rapid manufacturing and global industrialization. Disaster risk reduction and risk management are today two opposite sides of the visionary mechanical engineering coin. This chapter vastly and widely addresses these scientific issues.

Gopakumaret al. (2019)² described and deliberated with deep scientific and engineering insight nanomaterials and the state of the art, new challenges and opportunities. Nanotechnology is considered a multi-disciplinary branch of science integrating engineering aspects with natural and allied sciences such as physics, chemistry, mathematics and biology. It descends from the present trend of miniaturization in devices and technology and combining all branches of natural sciences and engineering sciences. The remarkable era in the field of nanotechnology is slowly and steadily ushering in as global science and engineering research initiatives moves forward. In this treatise the authors deeply discussed nanomaterials for water filtration, classification of nanomaterials for water filtration, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanocellulose, nanochitin, nobel metal nanoparticles, metal based nanoadsorbents and nanodendrimers. Nanostructured membranes and its applications are the other hallmarks of this review article. Challenges and limitations of nanotechnology in water treatment are also discussed with lucid insight.²

Asian Development Bank Report (2008)³ deeply discussed with minute details disaster management in a disaster management handbook. The authors deeply discussed in details a) basic disaster management aspects, b) long term measures, c) major factors prior to disaster impact, d) response to disaster impact, and e) major post-impact factors. Disaster management support requirements are the other sides of the visionary coin. The knowledge prowess and the engineering deftness of disaster management and environmental engineering science will eventually open newer windows of scientific innovation and instinct in global environmental pollution control revolution in decades to come. Disaster management and chemical process safety are the utmost needs of progress in engineering science and technology today. A newer epoch in disaster risk reduction is slowly evolving as man and mankind crosses one visionary frontier over another.³This treatise deeply targets as a ready reference guide for those actively in developing and underprivileged countries and also management of natural disasters before, during and after the disaster situations. Disaster management and risk management are witnessing immense scientific and engineering challenges and resilience. Climate resilience, the deep scientific intellect, the vast teaching and learning pedagogy in environmental engineering curriculum will surely be the groundbreakers towards a newer age in disaster risk management. This book targets these issues. Surely a new beginning and a new awakening is in the process of regeneration in the field of disaster management, if humankind takes concerted and valiant steps in implementing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in human scientific progress.³

Virkutyteet al. (2010)⁴ deeply described with scientific vision and purpose treatment of micropollutants in water and wastewater. Micropollutants are recalcitrant pollutants and environmental engineering tools needs to be revamped as regards its removal from water and wastewater. The authors described and deliberated micropollutants and aquatic environment, analytical methods for the identification of micropollutants, sensors and biosensors for endocrine disrupting chemicals, and its state of the art and future trends. The vast and visionary areas of nanofiltration membranes and nanofilters are the other areas of scientific research pursuit. The world of challenges, scientific triumph and scientific provenance are today in the process of newer regeneration as environmental science moves forward. Physico chemical treatments, biological treatments and hybrid advanced oxidation processes are the other major areas of research pursuit in this treatise. Advanced catalytic oxidation also stands as a major pivot of this book. Some environmental science case studies are also described and deliberated with vision and girth. Today circular economy and environmental management are two opposite sides of the coin. Vast scientific provenance, engineering vision of environmental pollution control and the path towards scientific rejuvenation will surely go a long and effective way in the true unveiling of micropollutant removal in water and wastewater. Micropollutants – compounds which are found in very concentrations range in water, soil, and wastewater are considered to be potential threats to ecosystem and human health. There has been an evergrowing concern of the scientific community due to the increasing concentration of micropollutants originating from industrial and domestic sources. Once released to the environment, micropollutants are subjected to different processes such as distribution between different phases, biological and abiotic environmental degradation. Human scientific endeavour’s immense scientific and engineering prowess and determination, the vast world of micropollutant degradation and the immediate needs of humanity will all be the pallbearers towards a newer dawn and a newer awakening in the field of industrial pollution control. Different groups of recalcitrant compounds are included in the category of micropollutants such as pesticides, PCBs, PAHs, flame retardants, perflourinated compounds, pharmaceuticals, surfactants and personal care products. The authors in this article deeply discussed the removal of each of these pollutants in water and wastewater in minute details. The truth and ingenuity of science and technology will surely be unfolded if there is a concerted and dedicated effort from academicians, researchers and students across the world. The removal of micropollutants from water and wastewater are of immense concern to human ecosystems and public health engineering across the world. The need of the hour is deep scientific provenance and engineering vision. A wide gamut of scientific research pursuit in the field of environmental pollution control are addressed in this book. Surely one newer dawn of human civilization will evolve as science, technology and civilization moves towards positive and valiant research directions.⁴

Yaqubet al. (2021)⁵deeply described recent advances in the adsorptive remediation of wastewater using two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes) in a comprehensive review. The presence of polar functional groups, hydrophilicity, tunable surface chemistry, 2-dimensional morphology with a large specific surface area, high negative zeta potential and sound environmentally friendly characteristics are some of the important features of MXenes which make them a potential candidate for environmental pollution control. The authors deeply described structure and surface chemistry of MXenes, surface oxidation and storage conditions for MXene dispersions and water treatment applications of MXenes. The other areas of scientific research endeavour are radionuclide removal, uranium removal, palladium removal and chromium removal. Toxicity and selectivity of MXenes as adsorbents are the other areas of scientific research pursuit in this article.⁵

Application of nanotechnology and nano-engineering are in the midst of vast scientific rejuvenation, scientific ardour and scientific and engineering triumph. Disaster management, disaster risk reduction and chemical process safety are today aligned to each other. The authors deeply contemplate the areas and the needs of disaster management in the global proliferation of science and technology. Disaster management, watershed management and integrated water resource management are today aligned with each other in the vast scientific landscape. The authors pinpoint the application areas of nanotechnology in mitigating environmental disasters, industrial wastewater treatment and drinking water treatment.

Recent Scientific Advancements in Water and Wastewater Treatment:

Technological and engineering advancements are today aligned with circular economy in every sphere of human scientific pursuit. Drinking water treatment and industrial wastewater treatment are the pinnacles of scientific glory in the global scientific landscape today. Recent scientific advancements in water remediation and industrial pollution control are in the similar vein surpassing one scientific rigor over another. In this section the author rigorously pinpoints the needs and the successes of water remediation in the successful emancipation and the successful realization of environmental remediation and green sustainability. Scientific and engineering intellect, scientific perception and the needs of human society will go a long and visionary way in the true unravelling of deep scientific innovation in environmental engineering science, novel separation processes and desalination science. The cornerstone of human success depends on verve, validation and immense scientific and engineering ingenuity. Drinking water treatment and industrial wastewater are today at immense heights of vision, scientific fortitude and engineering ingenuity. The authors deeply discussed the novelties and ingenuities in research research pursuit in water and wastewater treatment. Sooner, a newer day of scientific innovation and scientific discerning will evolve if human mindset moves towards greater vision in water resource management and sustainable wastewater management.

Singh et al. (2020)⁶ deeply discussed with lucid insight and scientific foresight wonders of nanotechnology for remediation of polluted aquatic environs. On earth, all forms of life solely and veritably depend on the clean water sources for their survival. Deep scientific understanding, scientific prudence and engineering vision are the pillars of this paper. Environmental engineering science and water remediation are deeply discussed in this article. The authors discussed and deliberated various allied techniques of treating contaminated freshwater based on nanoproducts, adsorption, nano-adsorbents based on carbon substances, removal of organic substances, heavy metal removal, regeneration and reuse of wastewater and also drinking water. Nanoadsorbents based on metals, polymeric nano-adsorbents, and potential applications of nanoadsorbents are the other cornerstones of this paper. The freshwater ecosystem are the sources of a large number of organisms from microscopic to macroscopic species.⁶ The problem and scientific ardour and challenges are getting worsened year after year which veritably effects the limited freshwater resources. A remarkable day and a newer dawn in human civilization and public health engineering will evolve if science and technology of environmental pollution control moves in a valiant and positive direction. The research literature suggests that nanotechnology is a viable alternative and a clean technology to treat industrial wastewater. Industrial water pollution control has created widespread problems and becomes a serious concern to human civilization and human health. Nanotechnology has proven to be a viable technology which has less negative effects to environment and eco-systems. The true dawn of human civilization and human scientific endeavour will surely emerge if nanotechnology is deeply addressed and implemented along with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to human society at the utmost.⁶

Dongreet al. (2018)⁷ deeply discussed with deep scientific determination, goal and purpose natural polymer based composite membranes for water purification in a review article. The evergrowing human population and economic degradation cause suffering to human race due to chemicals and other hazardous pollutants such as chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides and insecticides. Biopolymers obtained from renewable resources is a major hallmark of this study. The authors deeply described bionanocomposites for biosorption, bioremediation for heavy metals, bionanocomposites for water purification, and bionanocomposites for drinking water and industrial wastewater treatment. The other areas of research are chitosan bio-nanocomposites and fibrous clays-based bio-nanocomposites. Natural fibre nanocomposites are dealt in minute details in this article. Prominent futuristic smart-materials based membranes are vast areas of scientific comprehension of this study. Advanced nano-materials have potential applications and vast innovations in serious contaminant degradation and removal, point of use devices and in decentralized water treatment techniques. The authors with scientific vision and scientific ingenuity dealt with the engineering issues in this article.⁷

Bhateriaet al. (2019)⁸ discussed and deliberated in minute details nanotechnological applications of magnetic iron oxides for heavy metal removal. Science, technology and human kind are today in the path of newer scientific and engineering rejuvenation. With increasing trend of rapid industrialization, heavy metals are of immense threat to the environment due to their discharge in water and industrial wastewater above permissible environmental limits. Development of 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D nanomaterials for environmental and water remediation, pollution detection, and other applications are of considerable scientific and technological attention. The authors deeply discussed new concepts of nanotechnology, nanoparticles, iron nanoparticles, synthesis of iron nanoparticles, and potential application of nanoparticles for heavy metal removal. As there is a detailed scientific introspection of nano iron-oxide based technologies, heavy metal groundwater remediation is also of major scientific and technological understanding and scientific adjudication. This review addresses the scientific and engineering intricasies of application of nanomaterials and engineered nanomaterials in heavy metal removal in water and wastewater.⁸

The World of Scientific and Engineering Challenges in Arsenic and Heavy Metal Groundwater Remediation:

Arsenic and heavy metal groundwater remediation are the imminent needs of human advancements today. Man, and mankind are in the middle of murder of nature and knowledge. Radical science, natural sciences and applied sciences are the huge pillars of civilization and engineering today. This article challenges the subtleties and sullenness of environmental pollution control and water and wastewater treatment. Human scientific mindset, the vast engineering intellect and the subtleties of industrial pollution control science will widen human views in arsenic and heavy metal groundwater remediation. Today, the scientific world are in the middle of immense challenges. This article deeply portrays the humane needs of water and wastewater treatment and industrial pollution control. The author deeply portrays the scientific judgement and the scientific discernment in the field of water pollution control. The world today is eagerly waiting for the Fifth Industrial Revolution. A newer dimension in the field of chemical and biological engineering is in the process of vast transformation. The author deeply targets the ardour and difficulties of environmental pollution control, water treatment and land-reuse in the proper scientific emancipation of applied sciences and engineering. Scientific and engineering intellect will witness a new beginning if carbon sequestration and zero-carbon emissions are strongly targeted. Heavy metal groundwater remediation and its scientific importance will lead a long and visionary way in the true realization of environmental engineering and nanotechnology. Vast scientific triumph, the global needs of circular economy and environmental management and the futuristic vision of research and development initiatives will be a veritable eye-opener towards a newer era in global water technology initiatives. The needs and success of arsenic and heavy metal groundwater remediation are immense as food and water shortage plagues and ravages developing countries across the scientific landscape.^9,10,11

Membrane Science, Desalination, The Needs of Human Civilization and The Vast Avenues Ahead:

Membrane science and desalination are today the imminent needs of human race and human scientific research pursuit today. The vast scientific and engineering ardour and challenges in drinking water and industrial wastewater treatment are increasing day by day. The vast vision for the future needs to be emancipated and realized as regards water treatment and disaster management. The dawn of human civilization needs to gear up as regards sustainability, sustainable resource management and water resource engineering. Desalination science and technology is today gearing towards a newer visionary era of water science and technology. Nations around the world are today in search of a proper answer of climate change mitigation, lack of pure drinking water and proper sanitation. The vast avenues ahead in application of membrane science and novel separation processes in chemical engineering will widen scientific discernment, scientific inquiry and deep scientific serendipity in decades to come. Nanotechnology and nano-engineering are the marvels of science and technology today. These areas of scientific endeavour needs to be integrated with the vast and wide vision of water sustainability and environmental pollution control.^12,13,14

The Science of Integrated Water Resource Management and Disaster Management:

Integrated water resource management, water resource engineering and disaster management should be integrated with each other. Sustainable resource management and circular economy are the two opposite sides of the visionary engineering coin. Disaster management needs to be realized with the treading of scientific history and time. Also natural sciences and engineering sciences needs to be aligned with the vast world of disaster management and disaster risk reduction. Scientific provenance, scientific progeny and scientific destiny in the field of integrated water resource management and sustainable resource management will surely go a long and visionary way in unveiling the scientific truth and scientific understanding in the coming decades. The science of environmental engineering and chemical engineering are today in the avenues of newer scientific remaking, regeneration and deep scientific re-explanation. Underprivileged nations around the world are in needs of clean energy and clean water. This clean water-clean energy nexus should be applicable to developed and developing nations around the globe. The author with vision and scientific determination unravels the futuristic thoughts of the spirit of scientific inquiry in industrial pollution control and the applications of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. A new beginning and a visionary awakening in the field of public health engineering and sustainable waste management are the pathbreakers of truth and ingenuity of science. This article targets the needs and necessities of both sustainable resource management and circular economy in human scientific progress.

Conventional and Non-Conventional Environmental Engineering Techniques and the Visionary Path Ahead:

Conventional and non-conventional environmental engineering tools are in the path of vision and scientific and engineering forbearance. Advanced oxidation processes and hybrid advanced oxidation will surely play a key role in unravelling the vast scientific truth of environmental engineering and its scientific inquiry. Life cycle analysis and process integration needs to be envisioned as regards application of chemical engineering science. Process intensification and environmental engineering science needs to be integrated with each other for a better sustainable future. Knowledge society is today in the brink of an unending disaster with global warming and frequent environmental disasters. There is a total murder of science, knowledge and environment as science and engineering in the global scenario moves forward. The visionary path in chemical engineering needs to be thus widened with the scientific triumph of human civilization. Water sustainability and water integrity are of prime importance today. The visionary path of environmental and socio-economic sustainability is evergrowing and pathbreaking. Ozone-oxidation and Fenton’s oxidation processes are other areas of deep scientific research pursuit today. They belong to the wide domain of non-conventional environmental engineering techniques. Conventional environmental engineering tools are retrogressive and has lots of engineering and technological constraints. Thus, the need of Advanced Oxidation processes and integrated Advanced Oxidation Processes. A remarkable future will surely mark the beginning of science and engineering if man and science targets positively towards successful environmental, chemical engineering and nanotechnology techniques.^15,16,17

What Do You Mean by Circular Economy?

In today’s scientific and engineering world, circular economy is of immense importance. Reuse, recycle and regenerate are the visionary words of any scientific research pursuit in circular economy today. The deep scientific provenance and scientific ingenuity in circular economy applications in environmental pollution control needs to be revamped with the progress of human civilization. Nanotechnology and nano-engineering and its vast scientific and technological prowess will veritably lead the mankind towards newer scientific frontiers of vision, verve and scientific validation. The aim and objective of today’s chemical process engineering and environmental engineering research pursuit are targeted towards successful applications of circular economy and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Vast scientific adjudication, engineering triumph, and scientific provenance will all lead a long and visionary way towards the unveiling the scientific truth of integrated water resource management and sustainable wastewater management. Sustainable and equitable growth are the pinnacles of science and engineering today. Sustainable water management will surely lead a long and visionary way in the true emancipation of scientific ingenuity in water pollution control, water integrity and environmental sustainability. Veritably circular economy will one day open up newer scientific thoughts and scientific reinvention in the field of environmental pollution control, water integrity and water remediation.

Circular economy, sustainable resource management and the vision of engineering science:

Man, and humankind are the needs of proper realization and proper scientific emancipation of circular economy and sustainable resource management. The spirit of scientific inquiry and engineering triumph will eventually lead a long and visionary way in the new awakening of land, water and air pollution control.

Regenerate, reuse and recycle are the cornerstones of circular economy today. Sustainable resource management should be aligned with circular economy today. The progress of human civilization today depends on success of circular economy and industrial ecology. The future of engineering science will truly be envisioned if human race stands tall in the midst of scientific vision and scientific splendour. Since the dawn of human civilization, mankind is in search of a true scientific emancipation. This article will be an eye-opener towards a new era in engineering sciences, natural sciences and environmental sciences. The vast vision of tomorrow is today targeted towards disaster science and disaster management. The authors deeply targets these scientific and engineering issues in the field of circular economy and resource management. Human civilization’s scientific ardour, stance and fervour are today highly challenged as carbon sequestration assumes immense importance. Sustainable resource management and circular economy are today entangled with each other. Mineral resources and fossil fuel resources are the needs of the hour and at the same vision stands erect between scientific fortitude and scientific benediction.

The Domain of Environmental Engineering Science and Chemical Process Engineering and the Visionary Road Ahead:

The domain of environmental engineering science and chemical engineering are today in the path of newer scientific and technological rejuvenation. Chemical process engineering and applied chemistry are in the similar vision in the process of newer regeneration. The visionary road ahead is replete with environmental engineering challenges and water and wastewater treatment issues. Circular economy and environmental management are the needs of Fourth Industrial Revolution today. Reimagination, reuse and recycle will today unveil and uncover the engineering intricasies of circular economy. The other futuristic thoughts of science and technology today are integrated water resource management and sustainable wastewater management. Mankind’s immense scientific truth is today in a state of disaster. Thus, the holistic need of disaster management. Chemical process safety in the industrial scenario is also linked with disaster management. The visionary road ahead is wide and bright. The evergrowing concerns of drinking water provision in underprivileged nations around the world also needs to be deeply addressed as civilization treads forward towards an engineering frontier. The domain of environmental engineering science and environmental management are in the path of newer scientific rejuvenation. Sustainable watershed management and sustainable waste management will propel the human civilization towards newer environmental engineering frontier. A newer dawn and a newer awakening will drive the immense environmental pollution control issues towards newer frontiers. The road ahead in industrial pollution control is replete with scientific and technological ardour and immense engineering prowess. This article stresses deeply on the needs and necessities of environmental engineering, chemical engineering and nanotechnology to human advancements. The messiah of science and engineering are environmental engineers and chemical engineers. This article deeply attacks and targets the science of pollution control, environmental and water remediation.

Sustainable Development, Circular Economy and the Glorious Path of Human Civilization:

Sustainable development and circular economy are today aligned to each other. The glorious path of man and humankind are today in the process of new rejuvenation as regards water remediation, environmental pollution control and green sustainability. Water integrity, drinking water treatment and industrial wastewater treatment are the immense necessities of human society’s progress today. Reuse, recycle and regenerate are the visionary coinwords of human progress today. Water treatment is today directly linked with technology management and human factor engineering. A newer scientific genre and engineering vision will surely propel human scientific progress towards a newer regeneration. Circular economy is today linked with the implementation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Humanity’s scientific understanding and divination and the strong positive stewardship of environmental and energy sustainability will surely go a long way in unravelling the truth and scientific ingenuity of environmental engineering science. The vast domain of nanotechnology and nano-engineering are in the middle of deep scientific provenance and scientific reimagination. Brisk growth of population, rapid industrialization and mass manufacturing are the path-breakers and eye-openers towards a greater scientific discerning and scientific redemption in the field of green nanotechnology, green technology and green chemistry. The new dawn of human civilization is today witnessing immense scientific ardour and difficulties as regards application of conventional and non-conventional environmental engineering techniques in industrial pollution control, water and wastewater treatment. Circular economy is today invariably linked with sustainable development and environmental management. Integrated water resource management, wastewater engineering and wastewater management will surely be the ground breaking efforts in global research and development initiatives. Mankind’s immense knowledge prowess, man’s newer scientific and engineering regeneration will veritably open newer windows of innovations and challenges in the field of environmental engineering science, nanotechnology and nano-engineering. In South Asia, there is a veritable plunder of nature and knowledge as provision of clean drinking water and proper human habitat are in a state of veritable catastrophe. Public health engineering and its needs and necessities are in the deep gorge of deep scientific introspection and engineering vulnerability. Climate change adaptation and its impact and technological innovations are the utmost needs of the hour. The author deeply pronounces the engineering success and technological forbearance behind the application of circular economy. Sustainability along with circular economy is a major economy-driver of today’s human civilization and scientific and engineering pursuit.

Environmental Management and its Need Towards Humanity’s Progress:

Environmental management and sustainability are today aligned with each other in its application and scientific emancipation. Humanity’s scientific and engineering progress today depends on the application of natural sciences and engineering sciences. In today’s scientific and engineering fraternity, environmental management and sustainability are the utmost needs of the hour. Water resilience, climate resilience and planetary resilience will surely lead a long and visionary way in the true emancipation of global forum of environmental engineering, nanotechnology and chemical process engineering. Nano-science and nano-engineering are the frontiers of global research and development initiatives today. A newer beginning and a newer dawn in the field of circular economy will slowly unfurl if global research endeavour are moving in the right and positive direction as civilization and engineering science moves towards new frontiers. Self-regeneration, self- imagination and the world of engineering science and technology are the vignettes of science and engineering globally. Energy, environmental and socio-economic sustainability are the vignettes and newer avenues of scientific and engineering regeneration today. Future flow of scientific thoughts and scientific rejuvenation today depends on application of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Humanity’s progress and the scientific and academic rigor of environmental pollution control are today aligned to each other.

The Vast Scientific Revolution in the Field of Application of Artificial Intelligence in Water And Wastewater Treatment:

Artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data analytics are thoroughly revamping and revolutionizing the vast scientific spectrum of water and wastewater treatment. The challenges, the ardour and the engineering candor behind chemical process engineering are truly and effectively changing the vast and distant scientific and engineering landscape of environmental protection and water sustainability. The zenith and the nadir of science and technology are leading human civilization towards a newer epoch in environmental pollution control and land-use and water re-use. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are veritably revolutionizing the difficult pathways and aisles of drinking water and industrial wastewater treatment. A newer dawn will surely evolve in the path and avenue of environmental engineering science, computer science and chemical process engineering in days to come.

Applied computer science and engineering science are in the middle of deep scientific forbearance and vast scientific discerning. Today is the era of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Also, there is an ushering of Internet 3.0 or Third Internet and Communication Technology Revolution. Internet and communication technology are veritably changing the vast scientific firmament. Drinking water and industrial wastewater has critical scientific and engineering issues. Application of nanotechnology in environmental protection are the other visionary areas of science and technology. Man’s scientific belief, the needs of water science and technology and the vast scientific intellect of mankind will surely unveil a newer world of scientific upheaval and scientific discerning in decades to come.

Future Perspectives and Future Outlook in Chemical Process Engineering and Chemical Process Engineering:

Future of human civilization and global research and development initiatives are today in a veritable difficult phase of scientific ardour. Global scientific subtleties and the ingenuity of environmental engineering and chemical process engineering are also in the path of immense scientific and technological challenges and difficulties. Future outlook and future perspectives in chemical and environmental engineering are today in the path of newer renewal and newer regeneration. Today there is a murder of nature and knowledge by human habitat and human civilization. These areas needs to be streamlined with the progress of civilization, science, technology and scientific vision. A newer dawn of human civilization will surely ensure the basic needs of human society such as drinking water, proper sanitation, literacy, education, human habitat and sustainability. Future perspectives in environmental pollution and water integrity needs to be reframed and envisioned as regards curriculum, research, teaching and learning pedagogy. Mankind’s immense scientific perseverance and scientific and engineering determination thus in the similar vein needs to be reframed and redrafted as man and mankind moves forward in the right direction. Technology and engineering has practically no answers to the vicious and monstrous issues of drinking water and industrial wastewater treatment. Thus, the future of human civilization depends on the concerted effort of researchers, academicians, students and policymakers around the world. Surely, human intellect, perseverance of science and the vast world of nanotechnology and nano-engineering will open newer avenues of research initiatives in decades to come. Disaster risk reduction is a need of human race today. The challenges of disaster management will overcome human sufferings and human struggles in developing and underprivileged nations around the world.

CONCLUSION AND ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVES:

Technology and engineering science today stands tall in the middle of scientific forbearance and deep scientific reinvention. The scientific path of humankind today is in a state of immense catastrophe. Thus, the need of a strong human grit and determination. Water integrity and water sustainability are the major needs of human race today. In developing and underprivileged countries around the globe, provision of clean drinking water is a huge scientific and engineering issue. Science has practically no answers to heavy metal drinking water contamination in many countries around the world. Thus the need of a deep scientific divination and scientific discernment in the path towards scientific and engineering glory. Also a deep scientific introspection in MXenes in water remediation are the needs of the hour. The engineering perspectives as regards environmental protection will widen human scientific vision with the progress of time. The science of nanotechnology is a huge colossus with an insightful wisdom of its own. Thus, the author deeply describes application of nanotechnology and nano-engineering in diverse areas of environmental protection, water and green sustainability. Circular economy and its application in wastewater treatment plants are the marvels and huge colossus of science with a clear vision of its own. Surely a newer genre and a newer scientific reimagination and rethought will evolve if the vision of circular economy is implemented in almost every nation around the world. The need of the hour in reframing the global economy are circular economy, environmental management, energy, environmental and socio-economic sustainability. Circular economy and water treatment are connected to each other by an unsevered umbilical cord. The utmost need and vision of this century is proper emancipation and proper implementation of World Sustainable Development Goals. The needs of humanity, the success of environmental engineering tools and the wide vision of environmental management and circular economy will veritably go a long and visionary way in unravelling the scientific and engineering truth of global environmental engineering science. Engineering perspectives in disaster management will change the scientific landscape of tomorrow. The author deeply targets the scientific and engineering issues of disaster management and global disaster risk reduction.

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Received on 28.01.2025 Revised on 12.02.2025

Accepted on 20.02.2025 Published on 24.02.2025

Available online from February 27, 2025

Asian J. Research Chem.2025; 18(1):52-64.

DOI: 10.52711/0974-4150.2025.00009

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